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有氧運動在血壓控制中的作用

Effects of aerobic exercise in controlling blood pressure

作者: 楊劍  王維民  張永亮  孫怡寧 
單位:中國科學(xué)院合肥智能機械研究所(合肥230031)
關(guān)鍵詞: 高血壓;有氧運動;作用機制;運動處方;個性化 
分類號:R318
出版年·卷·期(頁碼):2017·36·2(215-219)
摘要:

高血壓作為一種常見慢性病,是心血管疾病的主要危險因素之一。大量研究表明有氧運動能夠降低血壓,改善高血壓的風(fēng)險因素,特別是對于血壓正常高值人群和高血壓患者。本文首先綜述了有氧運動對高血壓的有益效果和作用機制,即有氧運動能夠改善外周血壓、中心動脈壓和心臟功能,并且對動脈硬化、內(nèi)皮功能和交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)活動產(chǎn)生有益影響。然后,介紹了高血壓患者運動處方的制定規(guī)則,及其在不同特征人群中的差異性,如性別、年齡、血壓基礎(chǔ)值等,并且討論了過量運動帶來的風(fēng)險和規(guī)避方法。最后,針對精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)療的需求,結(jié)合安全性考慮,提出了為制定個性化運動處方需要開展的研究方向。

Hypertension, as one of the most common chronic diseases, has become a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases.Extensive studies indicate that aerobic exercise has the ability to lower blood pressure and to ameliorate the risk factors of hypertension, especially in individuals with higher baseline blood pressure and hypertensive patients.First, this paper reviews the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on hypertension and the possible potential mechanisms.It means that aerobic exercise improves peripheral pressure, central artery pressure and cardiac function, having beneficial effects on arteriosclerosis, endothelial function and sympathetic nervous system activity.Then, the paper introduces the rules of establishing exercise prescriptions among hypertension patients and its differences between different human populations, such as gender, age, baseline blood pressure, etc.The risks brought by excessive exercise and certain avoidance methods are also discussed.Finally, according to the requirements of precision medicine, combined with the considerations of security, we provide certain directions of future comprehensive studies to prescribe personalized exercise programs.


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