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人工智能在處理大數(shù)據(jù)、復(fù)雜非確定性數(shù)據(jù)、深入挖掘數(shù)據(jù)潛在信息等方面有著超越人類的優(yōu)勢(shì)。醫(yī)學(xué)影像數(shù)據(jù)包含豐富的人體健康信息，是醫(yī)生做出醫(yī)學(xué)診斷的重要依據(jù)。面對(duì)復(fù)雜的醫(yī)學(xué)影像信息和持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的醫(yī)學(xué)影像診斷需求，醫(yī)生人工影像解讀暴露出的易受主觀認(rèn)知影響、效率低且誤診率高等諸多缺點(diǎn)愈加明顯。本文從人工智能技術(shù)特點(diǎn)出發(fā)，結(jié)合具體病癥分析人工智能在人體結(jié)構(gòu)、病灶區(qū)的分割，疾病的早期診斷，解剖結(jié)構(gòu)、病灶區(qū)的檢測(cè)等方面的研究成果，最后總結(jié)現(xiàn)階段人工智能在醫(yī)學(xué)影像診斷中尚存在的問(wèn)題，包括診斷結(jié)果可解釋性差、醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)量少及系統(tǒng)性評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)缺失等，并進(jìn)一步分析未來(lái)人工智能在醫(yī)學(xué)影像診斷中的發(fā)展方向。

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