北京生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程

超聲神經(jīng)刺激作用機(jī)制的研究現(xiàn)狀

Researchstatus on the mechanism of ultrasonic neurostimulation

作者：代林志張淙悅鄭政

單位：上海理工大學(xué)（上海 200093）

關(guān)鍵詞：超聲神經(jīng)刺激；作用機(jī)制；聲輻射力；空化

分類(lèi)號(hào)：R318.04； R445.2

出版年·卷·期（頁(yè)碼）：2020·39·1（103-107）

摘要：

相比于傳統(tǒng)電刺激、磁刺激，超聲神經(jīng)刺激具有無(wú)創(chuàng)、可深部聚焦、空間分辨率高等優(yōu)勢(shì)，在神經(jīng)疾病治療領(lǐng)域逐漸受到人們的重視。然而，盡管超聲神經(jīng)刺激近年來(lái)發(fā)展迅速，其作用機(jī)制仍尚不明確。超聲的生物作用主要為熱作用和機(jī)械作用，目前學(xué)術(shù)界已經(jīng)一致排除了熱作用在超聲神經(jīng)刺激中的影響，但對(duì)機(jī)械作用的具體作用過(guò)程尚未形成統(tǒng)一觀點(diǎn)。本文闡述了超聲神經(jīng)刺激作用機(jī)制的目前研究狀況，詳細(xì)討論了聲輻射力假說(shuō)、膜內(nèi)空化理論，并提出了一種超聲神經(jīng)刺激作用機(jī)制的可能研究路徑。

Compared with traditional electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation, ultrasonic neurostimulation has the advantages of non-invasive, deep focusing and high spatial resolution, becoming increasingly appreciated in the field of neurological diseases treatment. However, despite the rapid development of ultrasonic neurostimulation in recent years, the mechanism of its action still remains unclear. The biological effects of ultrasound are mainly thermal and mechanical. At present, the academia has unanimously ruled out the influence of thermal action in ultrasonic neurostimulation, but a unified view has not been formed yet on the specific action process of mechanical action. This paper describes the current research status of the mechanism of ultrasonic neurostimulation, discusses in detail the two hypotheses of acoustic radiation force and cavitation in membrane, and proposes one possible research path in the mechanism of ultrasonic nerve stimulation.

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