北京生物醫(yī)學工程

基于骨骼材料分布特征的髖關節(jié)有限元模型建立及其應力分析

Hip joint finite element modeling and its stress analysis based on the distribution characteristics of bone materials

作者：張馨元丁曉紅段朋云

單位：上海理工大學機械工程學院（上海 200093）

關鍵詞：髖關節(jié)；DICOM數(shù)據(jù)；三維重建；材料屬性；有限元分析

分類號：R318.01

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2020·39·5（462-470）

摘要：

目的建立包含韌帶的髖關節(jié)有限元模型，分析其在單腿站立情況下的應力分布情況及傳遞趨勢，以期為髖關節(jié)內(nèi)固定術、置換手術以及其他髖關節(jié)力學基礎研究提供精確模型和依據(jù)。方法通過CT掃描獲得人體髖關節(jié)的DICOM數(shù)據(jù)，導入軟件Mimics10.0，以每塊骨骼10種材料屬性來模擬骨骼材料的各向異性特征來進行三維重建。然后將初始模型導入軟件Hyperworks12.0，以多節(jié)點的彈簧單元模擬韌帶束結構，建立包含髂股韌帶、恥股韌帶、坐股韌帶的髖關節(jié)有限元模型，分析該模型在單腿站立載荷作用下的應力分布情況。結果在該載荷作用下，髖骨的應力在坐骨大切跡、弓狀線區(qū)域及恥骨支區(qū)域分布較為集中，髖臼的臼頂處應力最大；股骨近端的應力在股骨頭、股骨頸的內(nèi)側區(qū)域及上方區(qū)域、小轉(zhuǎn)子下方的股骨干區(qū)域以及大轉(zhuǎn)子下方的股骨干區(qū)域分布較為集中；髖骨內(nèi)側主要承受壓應力，外側主要承受拉應力；股骨頭上側區(qū)域、股骨頸外側、股骨干外側受拉應力，股骨頭下側區(qū)域、股骨頸內(nèi)側、股骨干內(nèi)側受拉應力。結論三維重建得到的髖關節(jié)有限元模型準確性較高，力學分析得出的應力集中區(qū)域與骨小梁分布致密區(qū)域相近，可為進一步探討髖關節(jié)的生物力學特性，及臨床骨盆骨折治療提供理論依據(jù)。

Objective To establish a finite element model of the hip joint containing ligaments, and to analyze the stress distribution and the trend of force transmission in the case of single-leg standing. The results of the analysis provide accurate models and evidence for hip internal fixation, replacement surgery, and other basic studies of hip mechanics. Methods The DICOM data of human hip joints were obtained by CT scan, import the data to Mimics 10.0 and perform three-dimensional reconstruction, the anisotropy of the bone material was simulated by 10 material properties of each bone to perform 3D reconstruction. Then ，we imported the original model into Hyperworks12.0, used the multi-node spring unit simulates the ligament bundle structure, established the hip joint finite element model including iliofemoral ligament ，pubofemoral ligament and ischiofemoral ligament, and analyzed the stress distribution of the model under single-leg standing load. Results The stress of the hip bone was more concentrated in the ischial large notch, arcuate line region, and pubic symphysis region. The acetabular sacral dome had the maximal stress; the stress of the proximal femur was more concentrated in the medial and upper regions of the femoral head and femoral neck, the femoral region below the trochanter, and the femoral region below the greater trochanter. The inner side of the hip was mainly subjected to compressive stress, and the lateral side was mainly subjected to tensile stress; the upper part of the femoral head, the lateral femoral neck, the lateral femoral shaft were subjected to tensile stress, the lower part of the femoral head, the medial femoral neck, and the medial femoral shaft were subjected to tensile stress. Conclusions By comparing the anatomical data of hip joint, the accuracy of hip joint finite element model obtained by three-dimensional reconstruction is higher. The stress concentration region obtained is similar to the dense distribution of trabecular bone, and the results obtained by analysis are credible, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the biomechanical characteristics of hip joints, the mechanism of pelvic fractures, and the treatment of clinical pelvic fractures.

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