北京生物醫(yī)學工程

生物可降解絲素蛋白在骨科中的應用與進展

Application and progress of biodegradable silk fibroin in orthopaedics

作者：賈明鍛閆景龍

單位：哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學附屬第二醫(yī)院(哈爾濱150081)  通信作者:閆景龍。E-mail: [email protected]

分類號：R318. 08

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2021·40·6（629-634）

摘要：

組織工程的三要素分別是支架材料、種子細胞和生長因子，其中支架材料在組織工程中起到關鍵的作用。骨組織工程中最常用支架材料有透明質酸、海藻酸鈉、殼聚糖、聚乳酸、聚氧基丙烯酸酯、膠原蛋白和聚己內(nèi)酯等，但現(xiàn)階段以上材料在骨科臨床實際應用中都各自面臨問題，比如殼聚糖親水性過強、降解速度快，海藻酸鈉、膠原蛋白力學性能差等，因此，尋求一種更合適的支架材料成為研究的重點方向。絲素蛋白作為一種天然高分子材料，廣泛存在于自然界中，具有價格低、易獲取、可降解性、低毒性的優(yōu)點。以絲素蛋白為材料的骨組織支架在骨科中發(fā)揮了巨大的作用,有望在未來給更多的骨病患者帶來福音。本文綜述絲素蛋白的組成結構和理化性質，闡述了不同類型絲素蛋白支架在骨組織修復中的應用，總結了絲素蛋白在治療骨腫瘤和預防骨感染領域的國內(nèi)外最新研究進展，并展望絲素蛋白材料在骨科中的發(fā)展前景和應用趨勢，為絲素蛋白材料應用于生物醫(yī)學工程和臨床提供有利參考。

The three elements of tissue engineering are scaffold material, seed cell and growth factor. Scaffold material plays a key role in tissue engineering. Hyaluronic acid, sodium alginate, chitosan, polylactic acid, cyanoacrylate, collagen and polycaprolactone are the most commonly used scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. However, at this stage, the above scaffolds are facing their own problems in the clinical application of orthopedics, such as strong hydrophilicity and rapid degradation of chitosan, poor mechanical properties of sodium alginate and collagen, Therefore, to find a more suitable scaffold material has become the focus of research. Silk fibroin, as a kind of natural polymer material, widely exists in nature, with the advantages of low price, easy access, degradability and low toxicity. Silk fibroin based bone tissue scaffolds play an important role in orthopedics, which is expected to bring good news to more patients with bone diseases in the future. This paper reviews the composition, structure and physicochemical properties of silk fibroin, expounds the application of different types of silk fibroin scaffolds in bone tissue repair, summarizes the latest research progress of silk fibroin in the treatment of bone tumor and prevention of bone infection at home and abroad, and looks forward to the development prospect and application trend of silk fibroin materials in orthopedics, It provides a good reference for the application of silk fibroin in biomedical engineering and clinical.

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