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腦-機(jī)接口(brain-computer interface, BCI)技術(shù)是一種多學(xué)科交叉融合的新型人機(jī)交互方式，通過解碼大腦的活動(dòng)信息來控制外部設(shè)備，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)人腦與外界的信息交互，在神經(jīng)科學(xué)、康復(fù)醫(yī)療、人工智能等領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用廣泛。近年來隨著科技進(jìn)步，多尺度（宏觀、介觀、微觀）腦成像技術(shù)不斷涌現(xiàn)，如腦電圖（electroencephalogram，EEG)、功能磁共振成像（functional magnetic resonance imaging，fMRI)、功能近紅外光譜（functional near-infrared spectroscopy，fNIRS)，極大地推動(dòng)了BCI的發(fā)展。本文綜述了EEG、fNIRS及EEG-fNIRS多模態(tài)融合技術(shù)在BCI中的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，歸納各技術(shù)的研究成果，探討其局限性和改進(jìn)方式，并對(duì)未來BCI的發(fā)展做了展望。

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