北京生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程

交通事故中頸部損傷的有限元模型研究現(xiàn)狀

Review of Finite Element Models Used in Neck Injury Caused by Autombile Accidents

作者：李娜柳建新曾超陳朝陽

單位：中南大學(xué)信息物理工程學(xué)院，生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程研究所（長沙410083）

分類號：

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2011·30·1（100-104）

摘要：

汽車交通事故是當(dāng)今世界造成兒童和年輕人死亡的主要原因，其中頭頸部的損傷是交通事故中最為常見的致命性損傷。由于碰撞條件復(fù)雜和不可重復(fù)，再加上尸體和動物研究的倫理問題，致使頭頸部損傷機理的實驗研究存在較大困難，因此有限元分析在人體頭-頸部耐撞性研究得到廣泛應(yīng)用。有限元方法的應(yīng)用對于交通事故中不同撞擊條件損傷程度的評估以及汽車工業(yè)損傷保護標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的開發(fā)起重要作用。本文從頭頸部損傷機理、有限元幾何模型獲取、有限元網(wǎng)格劃分,及所研究材料特性和實驗驗證方法等方面，對近年來國際上開發(fā)的應(yīng)用有限元模型對交通事故中的頭頸部損傷的研究現(xiàn)狀進行綜述，并對各個模型的優(yōu)勢和特點加以分析歸納，并對未來相關(guān)研究提出建議。

Head and neck injuries are the most frequent severe injury resulting from traffic accidents,which is the principal cause of child and the young people death.The experimental studies on neck injury mechanisms are difficult due to the variety of impact conditions involved,as well as ethical issues,such as the use of human cadavers and animals.Finite element analysis is a comprehensive computer aided mathematical method,through which human head and neck impact tolerance can be investigated.A representative finite element model of human neck allows the assessment of injurious effects for different impact conditions and enables the development of injury protection criteria in the automotive industries.This paper reviews the articles regarding to finite element analysis (FEA) models for studying neck injury mechanisms and methodology validation,based on the modeling geometry,finite element mesh,biomechanics and tissue test validation.Finally this paper compares and concludes among these finite element models for neck injury for vehicles safety research,and also gives suggestion to the future car-safety study.

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