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髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助髓腔銼切削導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)

Computer aided intramedullary broacher guiding system for hip joint replacement

作者: 馬如宇  丁華  韋建和 
單位:江蘇大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院(江蘇鎮(zhèn)江212013)
關(guān)鍵詞: 髖關(guān)節(jié);計(jì)算機(jī);導(dǎo)向;髓腔銼 
分類號(hào):
出版年·卷·期(頁碼):2013·32·6(618-623)
摘要:

目的 介紹一種髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助髓腔銼切削導(dǎo)向方法,協(xié)助醫(yī)生術(shù)中確定適當(dāng)?shù)乃枨讳S切削導(dǎo)路,有效降低髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)中骨折等并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。方法 首先將探棒插入患者股骨腔,將探棒的中心線作為一條切削患者股骨腔松質(zhì)骨的參考導(dǎo)路。接著將髓腔銼放置入患者股骨腔,將連接在髓腔銼上的打拔器導(dǎo)桿中心線作為髓腔銼當(dāng)前切削導(dǎo)路。最后,根據(jù)在計(jì)算機(jī)顯示屏上顯示的髓腔銼切削參考導(dǎo)路以及當(dāng)前切削導(dǎo)路的差異情況,調(diào)整髓腔銼切削的方向和位置。采用本研究的一個(gè)樣機(jī),驗(yàn)證了計(jì)算機(jī)顯示的參考導(dǎo)路與當(dāng)前導(dǎo)路的差異情況是否與實(shí)際情況相符。結(jié)果 計(jì)算機(jī)顯示出的參考導(dǎo)路與當(dāng)前導(dǎo)路的差異情況與實(shí)際情況相符。結(jié)論 理論分析與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本方法能夠協(xié)助手術(shù)醫(yī)生確定出適當(dāng)?shù)乃枨讳S切削參考導(dǎo)路,使髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)更加方便可靠。采用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助髓腔銼切削導(dǎo)向方法能降低術(shù)中股骨骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),提高股骨柄假體植入的成功率。

Objective To introduce a computer aided navigation method of guiding intramedullary broacher in a hip joint replacement operation. The method can help surgeons to determine a proper intramedullary broacher cutting path in operations and reduce the risk of some complications, such as bone fracture. Methods First a probe was inserted into a patient’s marrow cavity and the center line of the probe was chosen as the reference path for cutting the patient’s cancellous bone. Then we placed the intramedullary broacher into the patient’s marrow cavity and took the center line of the extractor rod, which connected with the intramedullary broacher, as the current cutting path of the intramedullary broacher. At last, we adjusted the intramedullary broacher according to the reference and current cutting paths, which were shown on a computer screen. By using a prototype of this navigator, whether the difference between the reference and actual paths on a computer display consistent with the actual situation or not was verified. Results The difference between the reference and actual paths on a computer display was consistent with the actual situation. Conclusions Theoretical analysis and the experimental result show that a surgeon can determine a proper intramedullary broacher cutting path by using the method introduced in this paper. This method can make hip joint replacement operations more convenient and reliable, reduce the risk of bone fracture in operations and improve the success of implanting hip stem prostheses.

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