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人體日常活動(dòng)機(jī)械功及能量效率的初步研究

Preliminary experiment of the mechanical work and energy efficiencies of daily physical activity

作者: 蘆坤  周興龍  閆松華  孫世杰  全海英  張寬                          
單位:                                 首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)院(北京100069)            
關(guān)鍵詞:                               日常身體活動(dòng);生物力學(xué)模型;機(jī)械功;能量代謝              
分類號(hào):
出版年·卷·期(頁(yè)碼):2014·33·2(153-159)
摘要:

目的 計(jì)算三種常見(jiàn)身體活動(dòng)的機(jī)械功和功率,并與代謝測(cè)試艙測(cè)量的能量消耗值對(duì)比,以期得到一種計(jì)算人體機(jī)械功的新方法并進(jìn)行日常活動(dòng)機(jī)械功及能量使用效率的初步研究。方法 利用基于多傳感器的運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)采集系統(tǒng)對(duì)一名健康受試者進(jìn)行多個(gè)肢體的角速度測(cè)量。選取坐到站,坐姿時(shí)前后移動(dòng)軀干,坐姿時(shí)一腿放另一腿上,三種簡(jiǎn)單的身體活動(dòng)方式,利用拉格朗日方程對(duì)各個(gè)單項(xiàng)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行生物力學(xué)建模并利用測(cè)量的參數(shù)進(jìn)行機(jī)械功的計(jì)算。同時(shí)利用間接能量代謝實(shí)驗(yàn)艙和便攜式測(cè)試儀進(jìn)行身體活動(dòng)機(jī)械功和能量代謝的關(guān)聯(lián)研究,確定這三種身體活動(dòng)的能量使用效率。結(jié)果 利用“關(guān)節(jié)功率法”計(jì)算的機(jī)械功率與能量代謝實(shí)驗(yàn)艙測(cè)得的能量代謝率高度相關(guān)(相關(guān)指數(shù)為0.975)。其中,坐到站、坐姿時(shí)前后移動(dòng)軀干和抬腿三種活動(dòng)的平均機(jī)械效率分別為27.1%、19.0%和18.3%。結(jié)論 采用運(yùn)動(dòng)生物力學(xué)建模的方法分析日常身體活動(dòng),是一種有潛力的方法。通過(guò)機(jī)械功和功率的計(jì)算,可以量化不同日常身體活動(dòng)的強(qiáng)度,為進(jìn)一步研究日常活動(dòng)能量代謝與健康的關(guān)系提供測(cè)量手段。

Objective The biomechanical models of three common daily physical activities were built to calculate mechanical work and power.The energy efficiencies of the activities were examined by using a room-size human indirect calorimeter.Methods The angles of legs,feet and trunk relative to the ground were measured by a multiple sensor system,and Langrangian equations were developed for the activities:sit to stand movement,trunk moving back and forth while sitting,and leg crossing while sitting.The energy expenditures of the activities were measured by human room-size indirect calorimeters.Results The mechanical powers calculated by the multiple sensor system were highly correlated with the metabolic rates measured by the calorimeter(correlation index:0.975).The average mechanical efficiencies were 27.1% for sit to stand movement,21% for trunk moving back and forth,and 18% for leg crossing by using the joint power model.Conclusions Biomechanical model and joint power method are promising methods for the analysis of daily physical activity.By calculating the mechanical work and power,the intensity of physical activity can be quantified,which provides a method for the study of the relationship between energy expenditure of activities and health.

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