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基于健康體征信息的有氧耐力訓(xùn)練方法

Method for aerobic endurance training based on healthy information

作者: 王敬志  馬祖長(zhǎng)  孫怡寧  曹慶慶                  
單位:                      中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)自動(dòng)化系(合肥230026)        
關(guān)鍵詞:                     體能訓(xùn)練;心肺功能;有氧耐力;運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷試驗(yàn);干預(yù)          
分類號(hào):
出版年·卷·期(頁(yè)碼):2014·33·2(160-166)
摘要:

目的 建立基于健康體征信息的有氧耐力訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)方案,以提高訓(xùn)練效率、減少運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷、控制運(yùn)動(dòng)心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn),提升軍校體能訓(xùn)練的科學(xué)性與系統(tǒng)性。方法 隨機(jī)擇109位男性學(xué)員,觀測(cè)3個(gè)月。行心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、心血管功能、肺功能、骨強(qiáng)度和有氧耐力測(cè)試,收集健康體征信息,并按照訓(xùn)練前有氧耐力測(cè)試結(jié)果分組:最差組(最大攝氧量最小的30%)、較差組(最大攝氧量中間的30%)和正常組(最大攝氧量最大的40%)。對(duì)最差組和較差組進(jìn)行干預(yù)指導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練,正常組按傳統(tǒng)方案指導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練。結(jié)果 訓(xùn)練后3個(gè)組心肺有氧耐力水平均顯著提高(P<0.01),而干預(yù)指導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練的兩組,有氧耐力提高的幅度約是正常組的2~4倍,3次心血管功能和肺功能測(cè)試指標(biāo)變化顯著(P<0.05),其中部分指標(biāo)訓(xùn)練前后有顯著性差異(P<0.05),運(yùn)動(dòng)中骨折發(fā)生率比正常組低。結(jié)論 基于健康體征信息的有氧耐力訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)方案能顯著提高學(xué)員的有氧耐力水平,并能減少運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷。訓(xùn)練期間可考慮以心血管和肺功能的測(cè)量,間接評(píng)估心肺功能的改善程度。

Objective We conduct aerobic endurance training guidelines based on healthy information in order to improve training efficiency,reduce sport injuries,control the cardiovascular risk of movement,and promote the scientificity and systematicness of fitness training.Methods We selected 109 male students randomly to observe for 3 months.Firstly they went with cardiovascular risk assessment,heart,lung function,bone strength and aerobic endurance test to collect healthy information.According to aerobic endurance level before training,we divided the subjects into aerobic endurance worst group(the minimum 30% of the VO2max),poor group(the middle 30% of the VO2max) and the normal group(the maximum 40% of the VO2max).Then we gave intervention to guide training in the first two groups and the normal group was guided training in accordance with the traditional scheme.We evaluated the scientificity and efficiency of intervention guidelines through cardiopulmonary function monitoring.Results All the participants improved greatly after training(P<0.05).The intervention effect on the students of aerobic endurance worst group and poor group was good,and the improvement was 1 to 3 times more than that of the normal group.The difference of the index in the three cardiovascular function and pulmonary function tests changed significantly(P<0.05).And fracture incidence was lower than the normal group.Conclusions The aerobic endurance training guidance scheme based on healthy information can significantly improve the students&rsquo; aerobic stamina level,with cardiovascular and pulmonary ventilation function improved,and can reduce sports injury.We suggest cardiovascular function and pulmonary function tests in the training in order to indirectly assess the improvement of cardiopulmonary endurance.

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